This data was gathered to study the effects of combined environmental stressors of lowered pH and increased temperature on the adult metabolism and larval development of the Antarctic sea urchin, S. neumayeri. Specimens were cultured under the combined environmental stressors of lowered pH (-0.3 and -0.5 pH units) and increased temperature (+2 degrees C). The experiment took place over a two-year period, from June 2009, covering two full reproductive cycles of this species. The dataset is divided into adult and offspring. Data for adult S. neumayeri are given at four-monthly intervals. Values provided include oxygen consumption (umols), whole animal wet and dry mass (g), test diameter and thickness (mm), gonad wet and dry tissue mass (g), AFDM (Ash-Free Dry Mass) (g), CaCO3, and gonad index (GI%). Mean frequencies are also provided for larval development stages (%) for 25-day-old S. neumayeri offspring. These offspring are derived from larval cultures spawned after 6 and 17 months exposure to altered pH and temperature conditions. Postoral arm length measurements for the most advanced larvae is also provided as a metric of skeletal development. Two tables relating to seawater chemistry measurements are also provided. Table 1 displays mean water parameters in the adult S. neumayeri microcosm over the course of the experiment. Supplementary Table 1 gives mean seawater parameters of the S. neumayeri larval cultures derived from parents pre-exposed to low temperature and high temperature seawater controls and lowered carbonate conditions.

This dataset describes the taxonomic identification and molecular barcoding of the five species of sea cucumber (three common and two very rare species) identified from diver-collected samples in Ryder Bay near Rothera Research Station, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, in 2012 and 2021. Specimens of each species were registered and taxonomic identification performed at the Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia with additional molecular barcoding performed using the cytochrome c oxidase sub unit 1 (CO1) gene at the British Antarctic Survey. This study was funded by core funding to UKRI NERC-BAS.